What do you learn (学习-Xuéxí)? (V.1)

Ni hao friends!(你好朋友).

我的老师本周教了我很多词汇。 所以在这里我想和你分享我学到的东西。

FOR YOUR REFERENCE:
My lao shi(老师) teached me a lot of vocabulary for this week. So here I want to share with you what I learn.

Vocabulary for this week :

新词(New Words)

Qing jin                   请进-                           Please enter

Shenme                     什么-                          what

Zenmeyang                怎么样-                      how about it?

Weishenme                 为什么-                      why?

Hen men                   很闷-                            Very boring

Qin ai de                   亲爱的-                         Dear

Hen you yong            很有用 -                       Very useful

Tiaozhan                     挑战-                           challenge

 Hen nan                     很难-                             Difficult

Dao                              到-                                Me

Meiyou lai                   没有来-                        did not come

Dianming                     点名-                           Name

Ming Bai                      明白-                           Understand

Bu Ming Bai                 不明白-                       Do Not Understand

Ting Hen Duo              听很多-                       Listen To A Lot

Qu                                去-                               Go With

Wo                               我-                               Me

Ni                                 您-                               You

He Shui                        喝水-                           Drink Water

He Guo Zhi                  果汁-                           Drink Juice

Qing Shuo Yi Shuo       请说一说-                   Say Something

Dui Bu Qi                     对不起-                       I Am Sorry

Wo Hai Meiyou Ting   我还没有听-               I Have Not Heard Yet

Wo Hen E                    我很饿 -                      Hungry

Wo  Hen Bao               我很饱 –                     Im Full

Ni Ne?                         你呢-                           How About You

Guge Xiansheng          谷歌先生 -                  Google

Youdi Xiaojie               优蒂小姐-                   Youtube

Ni Hao                         你好-                           Hello

Wo Shi ....                    我是 –                         My Name

Zhe Shi                        这是 –                         This Is

 Kaishi                          开始-                           Start

Zhe Shi Shui?

Ni Jiao Shenme  Mingzi-你叫什么名字?-      What Is Your Name?

...... Ma? (To Ask Something-End With ‘Ma’)

Hope we can gain more knowledge in future!

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Pinyin

Pinyin

What is Pinyin?

Pinyin is the Romanization of the Chinese characters based on their pronunciation. In Mandarin Chinese, the phrase “Pin Yin” literally translates into “spell sound.” In other words, spelling out Chinese phrases with letters from the English alphabet. 

Pinyin uses the same letters as the English alphabet except for the letter v plus the addition of ū. All of the consonants represent basically the same sound that they have in English with the following exceptions:

• The letters b, d, and g are really the unaspirated versions of p, t, and k. This simply means that they are pronounced in the way the letters p, t, and k are pronounced after the letter s (as in spy, sty, and sky). The difference is subtle enough that, unfortunately, many Chinese phrasebooks do not bother to point out this crucial difference.
• The letters q, x, z, and c are pronounced more like the letters ch, sh, ds, and ts in cheap, she, suds, and cats, respectively.
• The letters zh, ch, sh, r are known as the retroflex initials, meaning that they should be pronounced with the tongue curled backwards.

Since pinyin was designed to represent phonetics, it is entirely consistent on how combination s or initials and finals should be pronounced. There are, however, a few conventions and shortcuts that you should be aware of:

• The finals ui, un, and iu, are actually shortcut for uei, uen, and iou, respectively, so should always be pronounced as such.
• The letter ū is written simply as a u (no ūmlaut) when it follows the letters j, q, x, or y.
• The letter i represents three different sounds dependent on the initial that precedes it. When it follows the so-called sibilant initials (z, c, s), it sounds like "zz". When it follows the retroflex initials (zh, ch, sh, and r) it sounds like "rr". In all other cases, it sounds like the English "ee".

Initial

In each cell below, the bold letters indicate pinyin, and the brackets enclose the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet

¹ y is pronounced [ɥ] (a labial-palatal approximant) before u.
² the letters w and y are not included in the table of initials in the official pinyin system. They are an orthographic convention for the medials i, u and ü when no initial is present. When i, u, or ü are finals and no initial is present, they are spelled yi, wu, and yu, respectively.

The conventional order (excluding w and y), derived from the zhuyin system, is:

b  p  m  f

d  t  n  l

g  k  h

j  q  x

zh  ch  sh  r

z  c  s

Final

Tones

In each cell below, the first line indicates IPA, the second indicates pinyin for a standalone (no-initial) form, and the third indicates pinyin for a combination with an initial. Other than finals modified by an -r, which are omitted, the following is an exhaustive table of all possible finals.^1[30]

The only syllable-final consonants in Standard Chinese are -n and -ng, and -r, which is attached as a grammatical suffix. A Chinese syllable ending with any other consonant either is from a non-Mandarin language (a southern Chinese language such as Cantonese, or a minority language of China), or indicates the use of a non-pinyin romanization system (where final consonants may be used to indicate tones).

¹ [aɚ̯] is written er. For other finals formed by the suffix -r, pinyin does not use special orthography; one simply appends r to the final that it is added to, without regard for any sound changes that may take place along the way. For information on sound changes related to final r, please see Erhua#Rules.
² ü is written as u after j, q, or x.
³ uo is written as o after b, p, m, f, or w.

Technically, i, u, ü without a following vowel are finals, not medials, and therefore take the tone marks, but they are more concisely displayed as above. In addition, ê [ɛ](欸; 誒) and syllabic nasals m (呒, 呣), n (嗯, 唔), ng (嗯, 𠮾) are used as interjections.

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